The axial PLT is used to measure the UCS. The Point Load Index (Is50) is converted to UCS by the following equation: UCS = K (Is50) 1 ) (Where K is the Conversion Factor. Mark and Molinda (6) originally adopted the K values proposed by Vallejo (7) for the CMRR, which were K=12.5 for clay-rich rocks, and K=17.4 for silty and sandy rocks.
Because PLT and ITS are easier and quicker to perform compared to the UCS, many authors have tried to relate the PLT and ITS to UCS [21–23]. Experiments performed on a large variety of intact rock types have shown that indeed tensile strength can be correlated to the UCS by a conversion factor, k [22–24]. However, conversion factor k is non ...
The PLT can be conducted using irregularly shaped specimens, thereby eliminating the need to use heavy laboratory equipment, but the drawback is that it is difficult to obtain a unique accurate value for the k factor correlating the point load strength index (I S(50)) and UCS (i.e. k = UCS/I S(50)), given the strong effects of weathering degree ...
Meters in the file / Plot factor = Inches on the plotter For example: How big will a 16.5 meter line be if sent to the plotter at a scale of 1:100? 16.5m / 2.540m/in = 6.4960 inches; To determine how large an element will be in the file: Inches on the plotter x Plot factor = Meters in the file
between uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and point-load index strength (Is) can be obtained by using an equation below and conversion factor, K was 24. UCS = (K) Is = 24 Is (1.1) Although the equation relating the Is and UCS was most commonly accepted, however studies have shown that there is a tendency for the conversion factor, K to
2.9 MPa and average UCS values were between 10.4 and 34.4 MPa by layer (Table 2). The conversion factors of weighted average UCS values calculated for different layers are presented in Table 3. The average conversion factors calculated by layer are somewhat higher than conversion factors calculated by rock type (Tables 4 and 5).
The original implementation of TNDM used in the NeurIPS 2021 paper (no longer being updated) - tndm_paper/plot_tndm.py at main · HennigLab/tndm_paper
For example, the PLT to UCS conversion factor can vary from as low as 8 to as high as 30, while the ITS to UCS conversion factor values vary between 2.7 and 50 [43,44]. This implies that the conversion factor is a rock characteristic parameter and not a universal value; therefore, its applicability must be assessed on a case by case basis.
They concluded that a conversion factor of 21–24 should be used for harder rocks and 14–16 for softer rocks. Wood and Shaw (2012) investigated the relation between the UCS and I s for weak Cretaceous sandstone with a UCS lower than 40 MPa.
The actual conversion rates are stored in a document called 'UoM Conversion Factor'. If you add new UoMs and plan to use it in transactions where it'll be converted to other UoMs, it is advised that you add it to this list. For example, here 1 Kg is approximately 2.2 Pounds and the exact conversion factor …
Conversion Factor Comments Das, 1995 Siltstone Western Canada, bituminous coalfields NG1 14.7 lumps, fresh core, old core Sandstone/siltstone NG 18 Shale/mudstone NG 12.6 Vallejo et al, 1989 Sandstone Eastern KY, VA, WV 420 PLT, 21 UCS 17.4 Freshly blasted rock, irregular lump samples Shale surface coal mines 1,100 PLT, 55 UCS 12.6
where UCS is measured in MPa and the NPI in N/mm. Aydan (2012) suggested that correlation would be improved if the fitting function was obtained individually for each rock type, further indicating that the conversion factor usually takes a value between 0.06 and 0.70.
In the absence of UCS test results, or in the absence of a sufficient number of test results, point load index test (PLT) results of the recovered core are frequently used to estimate the UCS value. This approach relies on the accuracy of a correlation factor used to predict the UCS value from the PLT.
UCS was plotted against the closest PLT results taken adjacent to the UCS samples to estimate a conversion factor between UCS and I s(50) to help represent the I s(50) results as inferred UCS. Figure 10 graphically summarises the UCS and I s(50) results and illustrates that a conversion factor of 17 is suitable.
Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock materials by index tests using regression analysis and fuzzy inference system
The UCS can be estimated using the following formula: Where C is a constant that depends on the UCS and I S50 ratio. To correctly derive the value of C both PL and UCS tests must be conducted on the tested material but, if no such data are available, generalized values of C for core samples can be used as shown in Table 1 .
For more details about the conversion factor, the readers can refer to the papers of Kahraman 72 and Ching et al. 75 In the present study, 13 groups of fragments were collected for the PLT to: (1) establish the correlation between the I S (50) and UCS (groups B1–B6); (2) predict the UCS in field condition when core specimens were not ...
Choosing Colormaps in Matplotlib¶. Matplotlib has a number of built-in colormaps accessible via matplotlib.cm.get_cmap.There are also external libraries like [palettable] and [colorcet] that have many extra colormaps. Here we briefly discuss how to choose between the many options.
The Point Load Test (PLT) was developed as an index test to predict the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of core too broken for UCS testing. A correlation factor ( K ) between UCS and PLT strength of 24 has been proposed although this value is disputed. This paper investigates the value of K for chalk and other weak rocks using published and unpublished data sets and concludes …
If the project in Civil 3D or AutoCAD is already in Imperial units, use scale factor of 3.2808 when you attach point cloud. This will allow the conversion length units to change from Meter to Survey Foot. 1 m = 3.2808333333465 ft (Survey). If needing to convert Feet to Meters then use this conversion factor: 1 ft (Survey) = 0.3048006096 m.
To obtain the unconfined compressive strength from PLT a conversion factor is commonly used. Generally in Ohio, competent rocks (sandstones and limestones) use a conversion factor of 24 and incompetent rocks (shales and claystones) use a conversion factor of 12 (UCS = conversion factor …
Various studies in the literature propose relationships between I s50 (from point load test) and UCS, thus objective of this study is to determine conversion factors relating I s50 and UCS for intact sedimentary rocks, as well as for conglomerates and breccias, since to those rocks, specimen with geometric characteristics for the USC test ...
The point load strength index (Is) was evaluated from Eqs. (6-7) and correlated to UCS by a coefficient factor (Eq. (8)). Rusnak and Mark (1999) had proposed 21.9 as conversion factor for typical ...
Figure size in pixel ¶. Similarly, one can use a conversion from pixels. Note that you could break this if you use savefig with a different explicit dpi value. px = 1/plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] # pixel in inches plt.subplots(figsize=(600*px, 200*px)) plt.text(0.5, 0.5, '600px x 200px', **text_kwargs) plt.show() Quick interactive work is ...
Nov 30, 2008 · plt.savefig(bbox_inches='tight' changes image size. I always feel that there is too much white space around images, and tended to add bbox_inches='tight' from: Removing white space around a saved image in matplotlib.
This paper aims to validity of the test methods were investigated. represent an analysis of the data used to As the conclusion, the conversion factors are correlate the point load test index (Is50) with the presented and the point load test had been conventional strength tests such as UCS and determined as the most preferable indirect test ITS ...
Colorspacious is a Python library that lets you easily convert between colorspaces like sRGB, XYZ, CIEL*a*b*, CIECAM02, CAM02-UCS, etc. If you have no idea what these are or what each is good for, and reading this list makes you feel like you're swimming in alphabet soup, then this video provides a basic orientation and some examples.
Rock masses usually reduces the strength of the intact rock due to the presence of discontinuities. Engineers and geologists must take this effect into account to predict failure in slope faces and tunnel excavations. In this post, I will take you through the process of calculating the Hoek-Brown Failure Criteria in Python.
Two different methods were used to determine the conversion factor between UCS and PLTI. One method was employed to determine the conversion factor for each sample separately. For example, for finding the value from PLTI normal to UCS for oil shale, the conversion factor was 14.0 [+ or -] 5.4 with a probability of 95% (Table 1).
However, conversion factor k is non-unique (varies between 8 and 30 for PLS to UCS conversions and between 2.7 and 50 for the ITS to UCS conversion) and depends on the degree of anisotropy of the ...