Substantial frequencies of Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithics from Rose Cottage and Sibudu Caves in South Africa have red ochre on their proximal and medial portions. Residue studies suggest that the tools were hafted and that the ochre may …
Many Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites have evidence of the regular collection and use of ochre. Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) has a large MSA ochre assemblage of over 9000 pieces from layers dating between ~77 ka and ~38 ka. There are 682 pieces with signs of use.
Watts I. The origin of symbolic culture: the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa and Khoisan ethnography. Doctoral dissertation, University of London. 1998. 40. Hodgskiss T. Ochre Use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: Grinding, Rubbing, Scoring and Engraving. J Afr Archaeol. 2013;11: 75–95. View Article
Ochre use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: grinding, rubbing, scoring and engraving Journal of African Archaeology, 11 ( 2013 ), pp. 75 - …
Substantial frequencies of Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithics from Rose Cottage and Sibudu Caves in South Africa have red ochre on their proximal and medial portions. Residue studies suggest that the tools were hafted and that the ochre may be part of the adhesive used for hafting the tools. Replication …
Many Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites have evidence of the regular collection and use of ochre. Sibudu (KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa) has a large MSA ochre assemblage of over 9000 pieces from layers dating between ~77 ka and ~38 ka. There are 682 pieces with signs of use. All usetraces were examined and activity categories were defined based on published ochre experiments. The …
The site of Sibudu has been studied intensively over the last decade, and numerous in-depth publications have appeared by specialists in a variety of fields that include lithic studies, paleobotany, paleozoology, paleomagnetism, and dating (e.g., Wadley 2006; Wadley and Jacobs 2004, 2006).Although this work has been meticulous and has been carefully tied to the fine stratigraphic …
Ochre Use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: Grinding, Rubbing, Scoring and Engraving. Journal of African Archaeology, 11(1), 75-95. Hodgskiss, T. P. (2014). Cognitive Requirements for Ochre Use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 24(03), 405-428.
Fig. 1. Stone tools (segments) with adhesive from Sibudu Cave. (A) Segment with red ochre visible to the naked eye on that part of the tool that would have been in a haft (i).Microscopic views of red ochre and plant gum on the tool (ii and iii).(B) Segment with black fat on that part of the tool that would have been in a haft (i).Microscopic views of fat on the tool (ii–iv).
A Middle Stone Age date has been proposed for a single bone point from a Howiesons Poort (HP) layer dated to 61.7±1.5kya BP from Sibudu Cave in South Africa (Backwell et al. Reference Backwell, d'Errico and Wadley 2008 ; Jacobs et al .
Olieboomspoort is one of the few rock shelters in the vast interior of southern Africa documenting pulses of occupation from the Acheulean until the end of the Later Stone Age. Revil Mason excavated the site in 1954 and attributed the large Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithic assemblage to his middle phase of the so-called Pietersburg Industry. Recent work at the site has focused on the …
Hodgskiss T. Ochre use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: Grinding, rubbing, scoring and engraving. J Afr Archaeol. 2013; 11: 75–95. View Article Google Scholar 27. Parkington JE. Moderns and middens: Shellfishing and the Middle Stone Age of the Western Cape. S Afr J Sci. 2003; 99: 243–247.
Located in the KwaZulu-Natal, 15 km from the coast, Sibudu has yielded twenty-three marine gastropods, nine of which are perforated. At 70.5 ± 2.0 ka, in a Still Bay Industry, there is a cluster of perforated Afrolittorina africana shells, one of which has red ochre stains. There is also a perforated Mancinella capensis and some unperforated shells of both A. africana and M. capensis.
Archaeologist Lyn Wadley of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, and team published "Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) June 16, 2009 vol. 106 no. 24 9590-9594, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900957106.
"For the production of man, a different apprenticeship [from forests] was needed to sharpen the wits and quicken the higher manifestations of intellect – a more open veldt country where competition was keener between swiftness and stealth, and where adroitness of thinking played a preponderating role in the preservation of the species."
Curator, Origins Centre, Wits University - Cited by 694 - Archaeology - Ochre use - Human behaviour and cognition - Interpretations of the past
Ochre is a common feature at Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites and has often been interpreted as a proxy for the origin of modern behaviour. However, few ochre processing tools, ochre containers, and ochre-stained artefacts from MSA contexts have been studied in detail within a theoretical framework aimed at inferring the technical steps involved in the acquisition, production and use …
The use of ochre coating of artifacts at Sibudu finds a clear parallel in the presence of ochre coating on the natural surface of two cores, ... Schiegl S, Ligouis B, Berna F, Conard NJ, et al. Bedding, hearths, and site maintenance in the Middle Stone age of Sibudu cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Archaeol Anthropol Sci. 2009; 1: 95–122. 36.
Many Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites have evidence of the regular collection and use of ochre. Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) has a large MSA ochre assemblage of over 9000 pieces from layers ...
Microscopy was performed on tools obtained from the Middle Stone Age deposits of Sibudu Cave because previous observations suggested that there might be a possible functional role for ochre at the site. Analyses of the distribution patterns of ...
Sibudu Cave is a rock shelter in a sandstone cliff in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is an important Middle Stone Age site occupied, with some gaps, from 77,000 years ago to 38,000 years ago.. Evidence of some of the earliest examples of modern human technology has been found in the shelter (although the earliest known spears date back 400,000 years).
Ochre Use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: Grinding, Rubbing, Scoring and Engraving Tammy Hodgskiss Abstract Many Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites have evidence of the regular collection and use of ochre. Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) has a large MSA ochre assemblage of over 9000 pieces from layers dating between ~77 ka and ...
Ochre use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: grinding, rubbing, scoring and engraving. Download. Related Papers. Ochre use at Sibudu Cave and its link to complex cognition in the Middle Stone Age. By Tammy Hodgskiss (-Reynard)
Kenya yielded tools with red ochre stains that imply the use of multicomponent glue (5). Traces of even earlier ( 70 ka) compound adhesives occur, together with microfractures con-sistent with hafting, on Middle Stone Age (MSA) stone tools from Sibudu Cave, South Africa (see SI Text and Table S1).
The classification of archaeological assemblages in the Middle Stone Age of South Africa in terms of diversity and temporal continuity has significant implications with respect to recent cultural evolutionary models which propose either gradual accumulation or discontinuous, episodic processes for the emergence and diffusion of cultural traits.
Many Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites have evidence of the regular collection and use of ochre. Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) has a large MSA ochre assemblage of over 9000 pieces from layers ...
Sibudu Cave is situated 40 km north of Durban on a forested cliff overlooking the Tongati River, about 15 km inland from the coast of KwaZulu-Natal ().The cave floor currently being excavated lies at an altitude of approximately 100 m above mean sea level.The southern entrance is 12 m lower than the excavation, so that the 55 meter-long cave floor slopes steeply from north to south.
Ochre was part of the first art of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) phase in Africa called Howiesons Poort. The early modern human assemblages of 100,000-year-old MSA sites including Blombos Cave and Klein Kliphuis in South Africa have been found to include examples of engraved ochre, slabs of ochre with carved patterns deliberately cut into the surface.
Cognitive Requirements for Ochre Use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa. T ammy Hodgskiss. Cambridge Archaeological Journal / V …
Substantial frequencies of Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithics from Rose Cottage and Sibudu Caves in South Africa have red ochre on their proximal and medial portions. Residue studies suggest that the tools were hafted and that the ochre may be part of the adhesive used for hafting the tools.