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@article{osti_1344417, title = {High efficiency iron electrode and additives for use in rechargeable iron-based batteries}, author = {Narayan, Sri R. and Prakash, G. K. Surya and Aniszfeld, Robert and Manohar, Aswin and Malkhandi, Souradip and Yang, Bo}, abstractNote = {An iron electrode and a method of manufacturing an iron electrode for use in an iron-based rechargeable battery are …
It is estimated that current efficiency increases by 2-3% for every 1 g/L drop in iron in electrolyte [20]. The maximum concentration of iron in copper electrolyte is 2g/L, which gives a value of ...
At the same time, the removal rates of, for instance, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mg and Mn in the spent electrolyte varied between 10 and 60%. Particularly, the removal rate of As reached 62%.
current density, pH, type of electrolyte, initial dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, temperature, and inter electrode distance on dye removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that dye and chemical oxygen demand removals were 99.6% and 91.5% by using iron and were 97.9% and 83.8%, by using aluminum electrodes.
The spent pickle liquor may contain on the order of 0.5 to 10 weight percent sulfuric acid and up to 10 weight percent or more of iron as ferrous sulfate. Practical methods for recovering both the sulfuric acid and the iron values of such spent pickle liquors are becoming increasingly desirable both for environmental and for economic reasons.
A process and apparatus for electrowinning a high purity copper from an aqueous pregnant liquor acid electrolyte at high efficiency, and high current density in the presence of impurities. Electrolyte is circulated through an external loop system and upwardly between the anodes and cathodes. SO.sub.2, iron, and acid are added to the electrolyte in the external loop to maintain an SO.sub.2 ...
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other types of spent LIBs, the treatment of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries (LIPBs) cannot be ignored as well. Improper and irresponsible disposal of spent LIPBs will cause environmental problems due to the hazardous electrolyte and phosphorus in LiFePO 4. These hazards can lead to eutrophication once getting into natural water.
Here, we show that, in CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs), recombination of electrons from the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) front electrode with oxidized species of the polysulfide redox electrolyte cannot be neglected like in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). We demonstrate that light to electric power conversion efficiencies up to 4% can be achieved when …
5 illustrates, dilution caus es increased iron removal efficiency at all pHs. In undiluted solution the concentration of vari ous ions especially sulfate ions is high and the
Abstract. A simplistic and novel leaching process is developed to dispose spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) batteries.In this paper, oxalic acid is selected as a leaching reagent to recover lithium as a resource and remove phosphorus from LiFePO 4 batteries, benefiting from its low natural effects. The physical properties of spent cathode materials (before leaching) and residues (after ...
The impact of Ti and Cu co-doping on optical, structural, and photovoltaic properties of ZnO thin films have been analyzed. Dye sensitized solar cells of these films have been prepared. The cell fabricated with 1% Ti and 1% Cu co-doped ZnO has low band gap energy and high efficiency.
Composition of strip liquor/spent electrolyte has been largely explained in point 2.8 above, being limited to a large extent by tankhouse tolerances. From the point of view of the S.X. plant, however, strongly acidic solutions at very low copper tenor are the most advantageous since this is the converse of extraction and is predictable from the ...
A METHOD FOR REGENERATION OF SPENT ELECTROCHEMICAL ... Treatment of the ultimately spent decontamination solutions can be also made applying iron precipitation, which allows for removal of the bulk amount of contaminants, as the first step. ... the high efficiency of the sorption removal can be achieved only after the removal of the oxalic and ...
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• Co-D2EHPA was employed as high-efficiency extraction reagent for manganese. • High recovery percentages could be achieved for all metal values. - Abstract: Environmentally hazardous substances contained in spent Li-ion batteries, such as heavy metals and nocuous organics, will pose a threat to the environment and human health.
Because of their nearly unlimited energy storage capacity, high efficiency, zero emissions, very long cycle lives, and relatively low cost of available electricity on a …
OSHA Instruction TED 01-00-015. The OSHA Technical Manual (OTM) provides technical information about workplace hazards and controls to OSHA's Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs). This information supports OSHA's enforcement and outreach activities to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women.
Adriaan Bakker, CEO of Vanadiumcorp states, "Direct co-recovery of high quality and competitive iron product adds significant value to our resources and production potential. Our entire "mine to technology" transformation plan is now environmentally friendly in addition to our battery electrolyte lasting forever in green energy ...
The production of high-energy particles and free radical of H 2 O 2 in electrolyte solution increases with increasing of the imposed voltage [45, 46]. The efficiency of Na 2 FeO 4 production may improve when the H 2 O 2 concentration increases but to not higher that its optimum concentration in electrolyte solution of containing certain NaOH ...
Three supporting electrolytes were tested, NaNO 3, Na 2 SO 4, and KCl, at concentrations of 0.05 M, potential of 3 V, and native pH. Results are presented in Fig. 5a. The best results were achieved with KCl, where color removal efficiency was up to 99% after 30 min of treatment.
These three additives lower the melting point of the electrolyte, as well as the cell operating temperature, and they increase the efficiency of the process. Cryolite The mineral cryolite is a double fluoride of sodium and aluminum and has a stoichiometric composition very close to the formula Na 3 AlF 6 and a melting point of about 1011°C.
This work demonstrates two high-voltage aqueous flow batteries, including one operating at a non-hybrid record 2.13 V cell potential. These batteries utilize a negative electrolyte comprised of chelated chromium ions and operate near neutral pH with high efficiency. The chelate acts as a solvent barrier or "molecular SEI," inhibiting water splitting by the highly reducing Cr2+ ion.
Iron pyrite thin film counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells : high efficiency for iodine and cobalt redox electrolyte cells By Nguyen Huu Loc, Sudhanshu Shukla, Pablo Perez Boix, Teck Ming Koh, Rajiv Ramanujam Prabhakar, Mulmudi Hemant Kumar, Jun Zhang, Shi Chen, Chin Fan Ng, Cheng Hon Alfred Huan, Nripan Mathews, Thirumany ...
The main source of dyeing wastewater is rinsing processes and spent dye bath which typically contains auxiliary chemicals, salt and residual dye (4). Textile wastewater is a hard-to-treat one due to its strong color, large amount of suspended solids, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), variable pH, salt content, and high temperature.
The purification and recycling strategies in our research have high efficiency and comparatively low cost, which provide great guidance for the industrial recycling of spent Li-ion batteries. This article is part of the themed collections: Renewable materials and recycling and Editors' Collection: Lithium-ion batteries and beyond - materials ...
preheated spent sodium hydroxide (NaOH) leaching solution. Lime (CaO) is added to the bauxite mixture to control phosphorus content and improve the solubility of alumina. The resulting slurry mixture is combined with fresh sodium hydroxide and pumped into pressurized digesters operated at 105 C to 290 C (221 F to 554 F).
At the same time, the removal rates of, for instance, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mg and Mn in the spent electrolyte varied between 10 and 60%. Particularly, the removal rate of As reached 62%.
Additionally, co-precipitation is also an adsorptive phenomenon in the removal process. Heavy metals can co-precipitate with secondary minerals in wastewater. Copper, nickel, zinc, manganese etc. are co-precipitated in Fe oxides and cobalt, iron, nickel and zinc are co-precipitated in manganese oxides (Stumm and Morgan, 1981; Noller et al., 1994).